Germany has suspended new development assistance to Rwanda, citing concerns over Kigali’s alleged support for the M23 rebel group operating in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The German government is also reviewing its existing aid commitments, urging Rwanda to disengage from the conflict.

Berlin’s decision follows accusations from the Congolese government, United Nations experts, and several Western nations that Rwanda is backing M23, which has seized significant territory and key mineral-rich areas in eastern Congo. Rwanda denies these claims, arguing that its actions are defensive, aimed at countering Hutu-led armed groups in the region that pose a threat to its security.

Rwanda’s Foreign Ministry criticized Germany’s move, calling it “misguided and unhelpful.” The ministry also pointed to historical factors, arguing that nations like Germany, with a colonial legacy in the region, should avoid taking “one-sided, coercive measures” that could exacerbate instability.

Germany’s last aid pledge to Rwanda amounted to $98 million for the 2022–2024 period. With M23’s recent military gains, the conflict has intensified, deepening a crisis that stems from the aftermath of the 1994 Rwandan genocide and ongoing struggles over eastern Congo’s rich natural resources.